Health & VitalityReviewed guidance for men over 40

When Nothing Has Worked: A Review Of The Options For Erectile Function

Every route on this page works for someone. What almost nobody explains is why a particular man is the one it did not work for, and that answer is usually upstream of everything he has tried.

By D. Marchetti · Updated 4 September 2026 · 10 min read

The uncomfortable part first. A man who has tried three things without result usually concludes the problem is in him. In most cases the problem is that all three acted on the same step, and his limitation is at a different step. Nothing failed. The wrong thing was tried three times.

The chain, and where it breaks

Firmness is the end of a sequence, not an event. Signal from the nervous system, release of nitric oxide at the vessel wall, relaxation of smooth muscle, arterial inflow, restriction of outflow, pressure held. A break anywhere reads the same way to the man experiencing it, which is why self-diagnosis in this subject is close to useless.

The common oral route acts on one narrow part of that chain — it prolongs a signal that must already be firing. If the limitation is upstream, at the vessel wall itself, prolonging a signal that never arrives cleanly changes very little. This is the single most common reason a man reports that it "did not work for him".

What the evidence supports, step by step

Strong evidence

Treating blood pressure and blood glucose

Both damage the endothelium, and the endothelium is where the signal originates. Men who bring these into range frequently report change without adding anything else. It is the least interesting recommendation in the field and the best supported.

Strong evidence

Aerobic conditioning

Meta-analysis of controlled trials shows measurable improvement in function scores from structured aerobic work, independent of weight change. The mechanism is nitric oxide availability. Effect appears in six to twelve weeks and is dose-dependent.

Strong evidence

Sleep, and specifically apnoea

Untreated sleep apnoea is one of the most under-recognised contributors here. Nocturnal hypoxia damages the vessel lining directly. Men treated for apnoea often report change they attribute to something else they started the same month.

Limited evidence

Low-intensity shockwave therapy

Small trials suggest benefit in men with vascular limitation, which is mechanistically coherent, but protocols vary widely and durability is unclear. Cost is significant and the field has not settled on who it suits.

Depends on the claim

Oral formulations aimed at blood flow

A formulation targeting nitric oxide signalling and vessel function is acting on the step that is most often the actual limitation, and that is where icariin sits. The human evidence is limited and the effect is smaller than pharmaceutical routes. That is a fair description of it, and it is different from claiming it does nothing.

What is not supported is any oral product claiming to change structure. Read which of the two the label is claiming.

FDA warnings

Sachets and gas station enhancers

The FDA has repeatedly found products of this kind containing undeclared prescription compounds in unmeasured amounts. A man believing he is taking something natural is taking an unmeasured vasodilator, and combined with nitrates or blood pressure medication that can drop pressure severely.

The question that should come first

A change in erectile function frequently precedes a cardiovascular diagnosis by three to five years. The vessels involved are among the narrowest in the male body, so they narrow measurably before the coronary arteries do. That makes this an early signal, not a late symptom.

Which means the first appointment is not about the bedroom. It is blood pressure, a lipid panel, fasting glucose or HbA1c, and a conversation about sleep. A man who skips that and goes straight to a fix may resolve the symptom and leave the reason running.

Where the honey claim fits

Three separate things travel under one name and the confusion is deliberate on the part of whoever is selling. There is cliff honey from Apis laboriosa, which is real and old. There is grayanotoxin, the compound in it, which is genuinely toxic in quantity and causes bradycardia and hypotension. And there is icariin, from a completely different plant, which has weak measurable action on the same enzyme pathway the oral prescription route uses.

The mechanism anyone is actually describing belongs to the third. It is not the honey.

What each route costs

RouteAnnual costEvidence
Pressure and glucose managementConsultationStrong
Structured aerobic work$0 to $600Strong
Apnoea assessment and treatmentVaries by coverStrong where present
Generic prescription tablets$82 to $324Strong, acts on one step
Shockwave course$3,000 to $6,000Limited, unsettled

Frequently asked questions

Why did the usual route not work for me?

Most commonly because it acts on one narrow step and the limitation is at a different one. Prolonging a signal helps only if the signal is arriving. If the vessel wall is the constraint, that step has to be addressed first.

Is this a sign of something else?

It can be, and often is. A change in erectile function frequently precedes a cardiovascular diagnosis by several years, because the vessels involved narrow before the larger ones do. Pressure, lipids and glucose are worth checking early.

Does exercise really change this?

Controlled trials say yes, independent of weight loss. The pathway is nitric oxide availability, and the effect typically appears within six to twelve weeks of consistent aerobic work.

What is icariin?

A compound from Epimedium with weak measurable activity on the same enzyme pathway the oral prescription route acts on. Human evidence is limited and the effect is far smaller. It is the part of the honey story with a real mechanism, and it does not come from honey.

Are the sachets sold as enhancers safe?

Not automatically. The FDA has repeatedly found undeclared prescription compounds inside them at unmeasured doses. That is dangerous specifically for men on nitrates or blood pressure medication.

Where readers keep asking to look

After this piece ran, the recurring question stopped being about mechanism and became about sourcing. If icariin is the compound with a plausible pathway, readers want to see what a standardised version looks like on a panel. We sell nothing and endorse no brand. The formulation named most often in correspondence is linked below so you can read the label yourself, check the standardisation, and take it to your physician — particularly if you take nitrates or blood pressure medication.

Open the label readers keep asking about

References

  1. Erectile dysfunction as a predictor of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. PMID 21414553.
  2. Aerobic exercise training and erectile function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PMID 29661646.
  3. Obstructive sleep apnoea and erectile dysfunction: a systematic review. PMID 26944117.
  4. Nitric oxide and penile erection: is erectile dysfunction another manifestation of vascular disease? PMID 10022771.
  5. Low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy for erectile dysfunction: a systematic review. PMID 27751594.
  6. Icariin and its derivatives: a review of pharmacological activity. PMID 27472837.
  7. Mad honey poisoning: a review of the literature. PMID 22314225.
  8. Tainted sexual enhancement products: FDA health fraud advisories.
  9. Endothelial dysfunction as a common link between erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. PMID 16904539.
  10. Metabolic syndrome and erectile dysfunction: a systematic review. PMID 22999411.